and nitrogen used in this study. Chromatography-grade toluene and dichloromethane were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The 16 EPA priority pollutant PAH, diben-zothiophene, and internal standards 1.4-dichlorobenzene-d4, naphthalene-d8, phenanthrene-d10, chrysene-d12, and perylene-d12 were obtained from Restek (Bellefonte